Learn how to use Spanish adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Javier: Hola soy Javier. |
| Jessie: And I’m Jessie - A missing handbag in Spain. In this lesson, you will learn how to use adjectives in Spanish such as old and new. |
| Javier: Where does this conversation take place? |
| Jessie: This conversation takes place at a language school. |
| Javier: And who is the conversation between? |
| Jessie: The conversation is between Christina and Aya, two friends from language school. Christina is looking for her bag and Aya is helping her. |
| Javier: Escuchemos la conversación. |
| Jessie: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 1. CHRISTINA: ¿Dónde está mi bolso? (hablando para ella misma) |
| 2. AYA: ¿Cómo es? |
| 3. CHRISTINA: Es rojo y grande. |
| 4. AYA: ¿Es nuevo? |
| 5. CHRISTINA: No, es bastante viejo. |
| Jessie: Now let’s hear it one time slowly. |
| 1. CHRISTINA: ¿Dónde está mi bolso? (hablando para ella misma) |
| 2. AYA: ¿Cómo es? |
| 3. CHRISTINA: Es rojo y grande. |
| 4. AYA: ¿Es nuevo? |
| 5. CHRISTINA: No, es bastante viejo. |
| Jessie: And now with the translation. |
| 1. CHRISTINA: ¿Dónde está mi bolso? (hablando para ella misma) |
| 1. CHRISTINA: Where is my bag? (talking to herself) |
| 2. AYA: ¿Cómo es? |
| 2. AYA: What is it like? (literally, How is it?) |
| 3. CHRISTINA: Es rojo y grande. |
| 3. CHRISTINA: It's red and big. |
| 4. AYA: ¿Es nuevo? |
| 4. AYA: Is it new? |
| 5. CHRISTINA: No, es bastante viejo. |
| 5. CHRISTINA: No, it's pretty old. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Javier: Jessie, did you see yesterday’s match? |
| Jessie: Ah the soccer match, yes but just a little bit. Spain played right? |
| Javier: Yes, we wear - la roja |
| Jessie: la roja? |
| Javier: Yes, it means something like the Red One, that’s what the Spanish National sports teams are called. |
| Jessie: Really. I didn’t know that, why is that? Any explanation? |
| Javier: Not really. The Spanish National teams always wear Red uniforms. I think it’s because it’s the main color of the Spanish flag. So because of that, Spain is associated with the color red and their sports teams are called La Roja |
| Jessie: La Roja, The Red Ones. Interesting, thanks for that bit of information. Alright, now let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessie: The first word is |
| Javier: dónde |
| Jessie: Where |
| Javier: dón-de, dónde |
| Jessie: Next is |
| Javier: estar |
| Jessie: To be |
| Javier: es-tar, estar |
| Jessie: Next we have |
| Javier: bolso |
| Jessie: Bag |
| Javier: bol-so, bolso |
| Jessie: Next is |
| Javier: cómo |
| Jessie: How |
| Javier: có-mo, cómo |
| Jessie: Next is |
| Javier: rojo |
| Jessie: Red |
| Javier: ro-jo, rojo |
| Jessie: Next we have |
| Javier: grande |
| Jessie: Big |
| Javier: gran-de, grande |
| Jessie: Next is |
| Javier: viejo, vieja |
| Jessie: Old |
| Javier: vi-e-jo, vi-e-ja, viejo, vieja |
| Jessie: Next is |
| Javier: nuevo, nueva |
| Jessie: New |
| Javier: nu-e-vo, nu-e-va, nuevo, nueva |
| Jessie: Last is |
| Javier: bastante |
| Jessie: A lot, too much, quite. |
| Javier: bas-tan-te, bastante |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jessie: Let’s take a closer look at some of the vocab and phrases from this lesson. The first one we will look at is |
| Javier: dónde |
| Jessie: Where just like in English, it’s used for questions such as |
| Javier: ¿Dónde estás? |
| Jessie: Where are you? |
| Javier: ¿Dónde está el baño? |
| Jessie: Where is the bathroom? All right, what’s the next one we will look at? |
| Javier: cómo |
| Jessie: How and this is another Spanish question word. |
| Javier: ¿Cómo voy a Madrid? |
| Jessie: Literally how do I go to Madrid meaning, how can I get to Madrid? |
| Javier: It’s also used to ask ¿Cómo estás? |
| Jessie: How are you? but be careful because this word can have other translations. For example |
| Javier: ¿Cómo te llamas? |
| Jessie: What’s your name? In this case, ‘What’ is the most accurate translation. All right, and the last one? |
| Javier: rojo |
| Jessie: Red. |
| Javier: This is the masculine version of the adjective but we also have - roja, meaning also red but for feminine nouns. |
| Jessie: For example |
| Javier: Coche roja. |
| Jessie: Red car. |
| Javier: Moto roja. |
| Jessie: Red motorcycle. Okay, on to the Grammar Point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessie: The focus of this lesson is the use of adjectives in Spanish |
| Javier: Such as, Un bolso nuevo |
| Jessie: A new bag |
| Javier: Or, Una casa vieja. |
| Jessie: An old house. Let’s see how they work. As in English, an adjective is a descriptive word that modifies a noun. As we’ve seen before with other words, adjectives have to agree with the noun they are describing in gender and number. The rules for the feminine and masculine forms are the same ones we saw in previous lessons. If the adjective ends in O, we just need to change that O to an A and we have the feminine form. For example, let’s take the adjective Red. |
| Javier: rojo |
| Jessie: Masculine |
| Javier: roja |
| Jessie: Feminine. How about the adjective new? |
| Javier: nuevo |
| Jessie: Masculine |
| Javier: nueva |
| Jessie: Feminine and the adjective old. |
| Javier: viejo |
| Jessie: Masculine |
| Javier: vieja |
| Jessie: Feminine. Okay here is another rule. Adjectives that end in: an, in, on or dor, in the masculine form just need to have an A added at the end for the feminine form. For example, the word enchanting is |
| Javier: encantador |
| Jessie: Masculine |
| Javier: encantadora |
| Jessie: Feminine. The word hard working is |
| Javier: trabajador |
| Jessie: Masculine |
| Javier: trabajadora |
| Jessie: Feminine. Okay let’s talk about plurals. If the adjective ends in a vowel, we just add a final S. For example, the word tall |
| Javier: alto |
| Jessie: This is masculine singular |
| Javier: altos |
| Jessie: Masculine plural |
| Javier: alta |
| Jessie: Feminine singular |
| Javier: altas |
| Jessie: Feminine plural and if the adjective ends in a consonant a final ES will be added to form the pleural. For example, the adjective meaning easy |
| Javier: fácil |
| Jessie: Becomes |
| Javier: faciles |
| Jessie: Great. Oh and there is something really important I want to point out. |
| Javier: What’s that? |
| Jessie: Well we have to be careful because there is a difference in the order of the noun and adjective compared to English. For example, the phrase - The red car, in English would be |
| Javier: El coche rojo. |
| Jessie: Right. In English, we have the adjective before the noun but in Spanish, the adjective comes after the noun. |
| Javier: Exactly. So please try not to make a mistake. |
| Jessie: Now let’s take an adjective and look at all of its forms. |
| Javier: Sure let’s choose the word - nuevo, which means new. |
| Jessie: Sounds good. So how would we say a new book. |
| Javier: Un libro nuevo. |
| Jessie: How about some new books, plural |
| Javier: Unos libros nuevos. Notice there is an S. |
| Jessie: Great. So those are the masculine forms. How would we say - A new table. |
| Javier: Una mesa nueva. |
| Jessie: How about - Some new tables, plural |
| Javier: Unas mesas nuevas. Notice there is an S. |
| Jessie: All right. Now let’s have the listeners repeat those phrases, a new book |
| Javier: Un libro nuevo. |
| Jessie: Some new books |
| Javier: Unos libros nuevos. |
| Jessie: A new table |
| Javier: Una mesa nueva. |
| Jessie: Some new tables |
| Javier: Unas mesas nuevas. |
Outro |
| Jessie: So to recap, we learned about Spanish adjectives and how to create their plural and feminine forms |
| Javier: Yes. |
| Jessie: Well that’s all for this lesson. |
| Javier: Sí, es todo por hoy. Muchas gracias, hasta pronto. |
| Jessie: Bye everyone. |
| 1. CHRISTINA: ¿Dónde está mi bolso? (hablando para ella misma) |
| 2. AYA: ¿Cómo es? |
| 3. CHRISTINA: Es rojo y grande. |
| 4. AYA: ¿Es nuevo? |
| 5. CHRISTINA: No, es bastante viejo. |
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